The small and dense atom cores, which goes by the name "nucleus" might exchange energy in some occasions. But the most interesting one among all other occurences would be the Radioactive Decaying. Radioactive Decay occurs by a process in which an atomic nucleus loses energy by radiating. This process of radiating, or in other words "losing energy" is caused by a parent nuclide, which later on transforms into an atom of a different type that goes by the name "daughter nuclide". The radioactive decay can be seperated into 3 principal modes of decay.
• Alpha Decay
Alpha Decay results from a parent nuclide emitting alpha particles by radiating or rather excessing energy continuosly. For example a Uranium-238 (Parent Nuclide) decaying to expose Thorium-234 (Daughter Nuclide) and Helium nucleus (Alpha Particle).
• Beta Decay
Beta Decay exposes protons and beta particles, which is resulted by the neutrons inside a parent nuclide simultaneously decaying. For instance, a Carbon-14 (Parent Nuclide) decaying to form Nitrogen-14 (Daughter Nuclide) and an electron (Beta Particle).
•  Gamma Decay
Gamma Decay takes place when a parent nuclide radiates energy to produce gamma ray photons. This decay can be rather called "High Energy Electromagnetic Radiation" to represent the process. For better context, a Metastable Technetium-99 (Parent Nuclide) exposes gamma ray photon and Technetium-99 (Daughter Nuclide) in the result of radiating energy.
In Conclusion,
A nucleus can exchange energy through various radiation methods, leading to the creation of different types of particles... and this is what makes atomic interactions fascinating, as they underpin the very fabric of matter and the universe itself.
The interaction of these radiation methods not only helps in the transformation of elements but also highlights the intricate balance of forces within the nucleus. The ability of nuclei to engage in these processes and emit various particles adds layers of complexity to atomic interactions, making them a subject of great interest in fields such as nuclear physics, astrophysics, and medical imaging.